Strategies and Methods for motivating students

karelIkTwkcitþ KWCa KMnitd_TUlMTUlayEdlCab;Tak;TgCamYyGakb,kiriya mhicäita cMNab; GarmµN_ nig karxMRbwgERbg . karelIkTwkcitþCH\T§iBlelIGtþcrik nig kareronsURtTaMgkñúg nig eRkAsala TaMgvis½y sikSa nig vis½yepSg²d_éTeTot RBmTaMgesÞIrEtTaMgGs;éndMNak;kallUtlas; nig kar GPivDÆrbs;mnusS. tMrUvkar edIm,IkøayCaGñkBUEkxagEpñkGVImYy ehIyedIm,IsMerclT§plenaH Tal;Et mankMlaMgCMrujmYyPaKFM rbs;mnusS KW karelIkTwkcitþ. edaysarEtmankMlaMgCMruj sisSEdl man smtßPaBexSay GacTTYl C½y CMnHelIkar sikSa)anl¥ (overachievers) ehIysisSBUEkGacTTYl)an C½yCMnHTabCagkarrMBwgTuk enAeBl EdlKµankar elIkTwkcitþ (under achievers).

I RTwsþIénkMlaMgCMrujtamEbbRbéBNI Traditional Motivational Theories

RTwsþIénkMlaMgCMrujtamEbbRbéBNI Cab;Tak;TgCamYy Gtþcrik cMeNHdwg nig karsikSarbs; mnusS. tam RTwsþIGakb,kiriyarbs;elak Skinner )aneBalfa ktþaénkMlaMgCMrujman\T§iBleFVI[man kMlaMgCMrujelI GñkGakb,kiriyaniymEbbburaNkan;EtxøaMgpgEdr. ]TaheN_ RbsinebIryIgeFVI[kan;Et RbesIrnUv Gakb, kiriya Cajwkjab;b¤kñúgry³eBlmYykMNt; rYceyIgBRgwgGtþcrik ehIyeFVIdUecñHedaykar eRCIserIs GñkEdl BRgwgeKelIGVImYyya:gR)akdEdlmnusS[tMélelIva. {páaymasmYy} b¤eyabl;Ca viC¢manmYy GaceFVI[ kar gar d_ Gs©arümYybs;GñksikSaekµgx©ImankarGPivDÆ ehIyRKU )aneRbIrebobCMruj TwkcitþenAkñúgfñak;rbs;Kat; .

GñkRTwsþIBuT§iniymCMTas;fa smtßPaBénkareronsURtgay pøas;bþÚrnigGPivDÆn_ dUcCa lT§plén dMeNIr rIklUtlas;énkarsikSafµµI nigdMeNIrénkMlaMgCMruj. mUlehtuenH RKURtUvpþl;CMnYyya:gxøaMgGMBI kar yl;dwgelI bMNinrbs;sisS nig kMlaMgCruj. kñúgkareRCIserIisyuT§saRsþ énkarENnaM RKU RtUvBicarNa ya:gcaM)ac;nUv \T§iBlrbs;kMlaMgCMrujdUcBuT§ipgEdr.

RTwsþIéncMeNHdwg )anBiBN’naBIkarelIkTwkcitþCa clkrkñúg (intrinsic) ¬edayKµanrgVan;BI«Buk mþay

KWCab;CamYynwgskmµPaB¦nig clkrxageRkA (extrinsic) ¬Edlman\T§iBledayrgVan;Ca vtßú¦. Gñk RsavRCavCaeRcIn)anGHGagfa kMlaMgclkrxagkñúgKWCakMlaMgCMrujRbkbedayfamBlxøaMg CagkMlaMg clkr xageRkA. eTaHbICaya:gNak_eday karRbkYtRbECghYseBk b¤kareRbIrgVan;CakMlaMgCMrujelIslubeBk Gac eFVI[kMlaMgclkrkñúgcuHexSay. RKUbeRgon CYnkaleFVIkarpÞúyBIeKalbMNg. eyIg EbrCamanPaBFuj RTan;nwg cab;GarmµN_rbs;sisSelIkdMbUgeedaykarsYr CIkBIeRkaménPaBcMElk GMBI FmµµCati nig cMNab; GarmµN_rbs;

kMlaMgCMrujxageRkA CargVan;edIm,Ib:Hb:UvsMrab;karfycuH énkMlaMg clkrxag kñúg. yuT§saRsþén karbeRgon rbs;eyIgkøayeTACarwgbuwg edaysarPaBxVHcenøaHrbs;xøÜn Ca RKUbeRgon. eyIgeFVI[sisSFøak; eday mindwg xøÜnminEmnedayrebobénkardak;BinÞú b:uEnþtamrebobEdl eyIgbeRgoneTAvij.

enAmanmeFüa)ayénkarKitepSg²eTotGMBIkMlaMgCMruj KW karBicarNaeTAelIR)aMlMdab;fñak;én tMrUvkar CamUldæanrbs; elak Abraham Maslow. tMrUvkarcugeRkayénbuKÁlmñak;KWsmtßPaB skþanuBl nig suxPaB

kñúgkarTMnak;TMngCamYysgÁm. enAkñúgtMruvkardMbUg b¤tMrUvkarmUldæan KW Cab;Tak;TgCamYy nwgtMrUvkarsrIragÁ dUcCa³ Gahar Twk karsMrak suvtßiPaB. tMrUvkarmYykñúgcMeNamtMrUvkarTaMgenaHRtUv )aneKbMeBjbMNg ehIy enaH buKÁlekItmantMrUvkarsgÁm EdlrYmman ³

- tMrUvkar[eKTTYlsÁal;tMél( esteem needs) Tak;Tgnwg karTTYlsÁal; nigkarsMerc)an sñaéd.

- tMrUvkarEpñkR)aCJa sµµartI ( intellectual needs) sMedAelIkarTTYlBt’man nig TMnak;TMngrvag cMeNHdwg
nwgkaredaHRsay bBaða.

- tMrUvkaresaPN½ b¤kar[tMélelIsil,³ nig esckþIRslaj( aesthetic needs) ¹.

cMNg;b¤tMrUvkarTaMgenH ekIitmkBI clkrxagkñúg eFVI[buKÁlenaH CabuKÁlPJak;rlwk EdleBareBj eday skþanuBlPaB nig smtßPaB rbs;xøÜn(a self-actualized person). RbsinebIRKU yl;Rsbtam RTwsþIrbs;elak Maslow b¤k_EpñkNamYyénRTwsþIenH RKURtUvBicarNaelIkarCab;CMBak;CMBin eBlEdltMrUv karTaMgenaHminRtUv )aneKbMeBj CaBiessenAkñúgbribTénkarbeRgon EdleRKaHfñak;dl;sisS. eBl Edlekµµg nig yuvvy½mk kan;salaeron CamYytMrUvkarmUldæanEdlmin)anbMeBj dUcCa Xaøn b¤ Gs; kMlaMg b¤k_BYkeKmksala eday sar karsIþbenÞas b¤edayKµanKMnitcg;ecHcg;dwgedayxøÜnÉg enaHvaCakar lM)akkñúgkarCMruj[BYkeKeron. BYk eKmantMrUvkar cMNab;GarmµµN_ nig kgVl;epSg²eTotRbkYtCamYy tMrUvkarsµµartI nig tMrUvkaresaP½N. kñúg xN³eBlEdlRKU²eyIgeFVIkarCamYysisSmYykMrit edaykar )a:n;sµanfasisSrbs;eyIg mantMrUvkar mUldæan

bribUrN_ RKb;RKan;enAÉpÞHenaH kgVHxatrbs;sisSbegáIt nUv bBaðacMeNHdwg EdlnaM[lT§plénkarsikSa braC½y nig )at;bg;skþanuBlrbs;sisS.

II- yuT§saRsþ nig viFIsaRsþkñúgkarCMrujTWkcitþsisS (strategies and Methods for motivating students)

elakRKU GñkRKURtUvmanTMnYl]sRtUv edIm,ICYyGñksikSa[mancMNab;GarmµN_ kñúgkarsikSaeron sURt nig karTTYl)aneCaKC½y. minRtUveFVI[sisSFujRTan;eLIy bu:EnþRtUveFVI[cab;GarmµN_elIkic©kar sala. xag eRkamenHKWCamUldæanénkareqøIytbeTAnwgRTWsþIénkMlaMgCMruj sMrab;ENnaMGñksikSa[ TTYl)aneCaKC½y³

1- RtUvdWg[c,as;fasisSGacbMeBjnUvtMrUvkarmUldæanrbs;sala . pþl;eBlevlaRKb;RKan;edIm,I[ sisSBiPakSaelIkarsikSa nigesckþIrMBWgTukrbs;sgÁm man TMnYl]sRtUv nig Gakb,kiriya RtWmRtUv.

2- eFVI[fñak;eronmanpasuxPaB reboberobry nig rIkray. GarmµN_rbs;sisSmñak;² nig PaB kk; ekþAxagpøÚvcitþrbs;BYkeK RtUv)anTTYlrgnYv\T§iBlBIktþaCaeRcIndUcCa³ sItuNðPaB Bnøw karerobcM eRKOgsgðarwm rUbPaB taragRBwtþibR½t nig PaBs¥at.
3- CYysisS[ecHsegáttamdankic©karmantMélkñúgfñak;. GñksikSaRtUv)anelIkTWkcitþ nig CMruj[ BYkeKeCOfa kic©karEdlBYkeK)aneFVIKW Tak;TgeTAnWgtMrUvkar cMNab;GarmµN_ nig eKalbMNgrbs; BYkeK.

4- RtUvR)akdkñúgcitþfa kic©karEdldak;eTA[sisS KW smRsbtamkMritsmtßPaByl;dwgrbs; sisS. RbsinebIkic©karlM)akeBkenaHsisSnwgrYjra Gak;gn;citþya:gqab;rh½s nig )at;bg; nUvCMenOcitþelI xøÜnÉg .b:uEnþRbsisnebI kic©kargayRsYleBkenaH naM[sisSFujRTan; nig )at;bg;nUvcMNab; GarmµN_ elIkic©karCayfaehtu.

5- cUrcaMfasisSmankMriténkþI_)armÖ nig tMrUvkarénkarrIkcMerInmindUcKñaeT. sisSxøHRtUvkareBl evla karKaMRT b¤karCYyeRCamERCgelIseK BIeRBaH BYkeKhak;dUcCaminRtUv)aneKCYyelIk TWkcitþ. PaK eRcInénGakb,kiriyaenH KWCa ynþkar karBarmYyEdlnaMmkedaykar braC½y mun² PaBxVHxatén kardas;etOnb¤k_PaBxSt;exSayénkareKarBxøÜnÉg. sisSd_éTeTotRtUv )aneKciBa©WmGb;rMenA kñúg brisßanEdllT§plkñúgsMBaFKµanTukçRBYy nig tMrUvkar Edll¥Cag enH.

6- CYysisS[manTMnYl]sRtUvya:gRtWmRtUvelIPaBeCaKC½y nig braC½yrbs;BYkeK. sisSRtUvkar [eKbeRgon eRBaHBYkEKminGaceFVI)anl¥elIslubelIRKb;skmµPaBeT. sisSxøHEdlminGac eFVI karsMEdgecj)anl¥elIcMnucmYyGacGPivDÆn_edaykarxitxMRbWgERbg ehIyk_ GaceFVI)anl¥elIcMnuc epSgeTot pgEdr. begáItPaBxøaMgrbs;sisS eFVIkarCMrujPaBTn; exSayrbs; sisS nigkMlaMgCMrujTWkcitþ edayminbMePøc ecaleLIy.

7- CYysisSbegáIteKalbMNgsmehtupl. CMrujnigelIkTWkcitþsisS [eKbegáIt eKalbMNg xøI R)akdniym. BiPakSaBItMrUvkarsMrab;Epnkar karGnuvtþ nig karts‘U.

8- pþl;nUvskmµPaBerond_sMbUrEbb ]s²Kña. pøas;bþÚrskmµPaBENnaM edIm,ICYy[sisSepþat bMrug Rbytñ½ nigbegáItkarcab;GarmµN_CafµI. sisSekµg² nig sisSEdlexSay RtUvkarskmµ PaB]s² KñaeRcInRbePT edIm,IeCosvagPaBFujRTan;.

9- eRbIviFIbeRgonfµI nig viFIENnaMGnþrGMeBI. KMnitenHKWeFVI[sisSsYr “ehtuGVI?” “etIvaekIit eLIg ya:g dUcemþc?” “etImanGVI nwgekIteLIgRbsinebI´eFVI x,y,or z?”. eKalbMNg KW cg;naMsisS [cab;GarmµN_ rYcehIyKitBicarNa. CagenHeTAeToteCosvagRKUniyayeRcIn eBk naM[sisS GpSúk b¤ GñkTsSnaGskmµ.

10- eRbIviFIeronedayshkar. RKUnaMsisS[cUlrYmeFVIkarCamYyKña BYkeKeFVIkarCaRkum . dUcenH C½yCMnHrbs;sisSmñak; CYy[sisSd_éTeTotTTYl)aneCaKC½y. kareronsURt Ebb shkar kat; bnßyPaBtantWg(strees)nig karfb;GarmµN_pgEdr. CaBiesscMeBaHsisSEdl sMerckic©kar)an tictYc.

11- Binitütamdan kargarrbs;sisS nig pþl;B½t’manRtlb;dl;sisSvij. lT§pléncMeNH dwg karkt;RtaGMBIkic©karpÞH b¤ kargarRsavRCav (written assignment) eTaHbICaRKURKan;Etgk; k,al b¤karsresIredayBaküsMdI k_suT§EtCaB½t’manRtlb;EdlsisSTTYl)an nigRtUvkarcaM)ac; sMrab; eKalbMNgénkarKaMRT nig karTTYlsÁal;.

12- pþl;nUvrebobsMrab;begáInsmtßPaB. karBnül;BiIbMNinénkarsMEdg nig rebobbegáIn smtßPaB KWsMxan;Nas;eRBaH vaCakarGnuBaØat[sisSeFVIkarEkERb eCosvagTMlab;GaRkk; nig karyl;xøwm sar)anl¥elImuxviC¢anImYy².

III- karelIkTWkcitþenAkñúgfñak;eron ( Motivation in the classroom)
sBVéf¶enHRKU² nig GñkRsavRCavPaKeRcInyl;Rsbfa karelIkTWkcitþsisSKWman sar³sMxan; sMrab;kar
sMEdgskmµPaBrbs;sala rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkMlaMgCMruj ediIm,IeFVI[sMerc)annUveKalbMNgénkar sikSa. cMNab; GarmµN_ nig karxMRbWgERbgkñúgkargarsikSa karBüayamkñúgkareFVIkic©karkñúgfñak; nig kic©karpÞH karbMeBjkic©kard_lM)ak nig bTbBa¢axøÜnÉg (self-regilation) karRbfuyTTYleRKaHfñak; nig karsikSaedayÉkraCü.l.

sUm,IEtRKUd_manbTBiesaFn_ CajWkjab; Kat;eRbIviFIsaRsþbeRgonEbøk² nig smÖar³sMbUrEbb edIm,ICMruj nigelIkTWkcitþsisS k_enAmansisSmYycMnYn EdlRtUvkar kardas;etOn b¤karelIkTWkcitþbnþic bnþÜc BIRKUrbs; BYkeK. sisSnWgxMRbWgeronedayxøÜnÉg dUcCa kareFVIkic©karRsavRCavEdlRKUpþl;[kñúgbnÞb; eron. BYkeKm©as; karTTYl]sRtUvelIkarsikSa nig pþl;kic©kar[RKUTan;eBlevla. CaBiessBYkeKElg manbBaða dUcCaFuj RTan; karPan;RcLM nig PaBrujrakñúgkareronsURteToteLIy.eTaHbICay:agNak_eday sisSPaKeRcIn RtUv kar RKUelIkTWkcitþ (be motivated) edIm,Ikat;bnßy karbkRsayPan;RcLM b¤ PaBFujRTan; rbs;BYkeKenAkñúg fñak; eron ehIyk_edIm,IsMruHsMrYlkarGak;Gn;citþ )anya:gCak;c,as; eRcInCag karTuk[sisSKitrevIrvay KUsevos elItu emIlecjeTAeRkAbg¥Üc b¤ køayCa KµansNþab;Fñab;.

enAfñak; TI3 b¤ TI4 sisScab;epþImvinicä½yelIsmtßPaBpÞal;xøÜn CamYynWgmitþrYmfñak; kñúgkareFVI skmµPaB eronsURt nig karGnuvtþkargarsala kñúgqñaMsikSa. ehtuGVI)anCasisSxøHbMeBjkargarsala dUcCagayRsYl nig manCMenOCak;elIsmtßPaBeFVIkic©kar eBlEdlsisSepSgd_éTeTotemIleXIjfa kar garenaHlM)ak nig Kµan CMenOelIsmtßPaBrbs;BYkeK? RTwsþIelIkTWkcitþmYycMnYn nig KMnitrYmbBa©ÚlKñaCa mYy TMnak;TMngrvagRKUnWg sisS sgát;F¶n;elIkarelIkTWkcitþsisS [TTYl]sRtUvelIsñaédénTegVIrbs; BYkeK.

IV- snñidæan

edIm,Ibgá[karbeRgon nig eronRbRBWtþeTA)ansmRsb TaMgRKU nig sisS RtUvmanmUlehtuénkar beRgon nig eron[)anc,as;las; gayRsYlnWgerobcMskmµPaBbeRgon k_dUcCaskmµPaBeronpgEdr. CaBiessKWgay RsYlkñúgkareRbIviFIsaRsþ nig yuT§saRsþ edIm,ICYyCMruj nig elIkTWkcitþsisS[)an sm Rsbtamv½ysikSa eBlevla nig sßanPaBCak;Esþg. kareBjcitþnWgGVImYyCYy[buKÁl eFVIkic©kareday ykcitþTukdak;. enHKWCkMlaMgCMrujmYyEdleFVI[mnusS begáiInsmtßPaBkñúgkarbMeBjkargar. dUcenH RKURtUvmanviFIsaRsß nig yuT§ saRsþ kñúkarelIkTWkcitþ CYy[sisSTTYl)aneCaKC½ykñúgkarsikSa.

KMeragemeron

1- vtßúbMNgemeron

- bkRsayBnül;)anBI kMla;Mgclkrkñúg nig kMlaMgclkreRkA nig cMNgTak;TgrvagtMrUvkar caM)ac; rbs;sisSniWgTWkcitþcg;ecHcg;dWg

- rkeXIjnUv yuT§saRsþ nig viFIsaRsþe lIikTWkcitþsisS kñúgkarsikSaeronsURt

- [tMélelI yuT§saRsþ nig viFIsaRsþelIikTWkcitþsisS nig karykcitþTukdak;elI lkçN³ eday ELkrbs;sisS.